{"id":27606,"date":"2020-08-20T17:50:55","date_gmt":"2020-08-20T15:50:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viettudomunich.org\/?p=27606"},"modified":"2020-08-20T17:50:55","modified_gmt":"2020-08-20T15:50:55","slug":"may-cam-nhan-ve-su-khac-biet-giua-giao-duc-mien-nam-va-giao-duc-mien-bac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viet-europe.org\/?p=27606","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>\u201eNh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i t\u1eeb 1975 v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc qua s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c S\u00e0i G\u00f2n.\u201c<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>V\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ed Nh\u00e0n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f4i v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc.Trong c\u00e1i ngh\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, c\u00f2n s\u00e1ch v\u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam b\u1ecb coi nh\u01b0 th\u1ee9 qu\u1ed1c c\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p bu\u1ed9c t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng, mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd v\u0103n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n; mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc VN ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00e0m sao l\u1ea1i l\u1ea3ng tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u0169ng v\u1eady. T\u1eeb sau 30-4-1975, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam (d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 GDMN), ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng \u1edf m\u1ee9c s\u01a1 s\u00e0i b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, do vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc (GDMB) \u1edf t\u00f4i l\u00e2u nay k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong b\u1ebf t\u1eafc, trong kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf GDMN m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/viettudomunich.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/0480.jpg?w=1080&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27607\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/trithucvn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/01-22.jpg\"><\/a><em>H\u1ecdc sinh b\u1eadc Ti\u1ec3u H\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00fac c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c B\u1eafc-Nam 1954-1975 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i l\u1edbn l\u00ean v\u00e0 nay t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch x\u00e9t \u0111o\u00e1n. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n n\u00eau m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc theo ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c \u0111i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat: Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i t\u1eeb 1975 v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc qua s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c S\u00e0i G\u00f2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>KH\u00c1C BI\u1ec6T NGAY T\u1eea HO\u00c0N C\u1ea2NH H\u00ccNH TH\u00c0NH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa GDMN v\u00e0 GDMB xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean t\u1eeb ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1ed7i n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00edch m\u00e0 n\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1948 \u2013 50, n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng h\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 do; kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 do n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u1ea3 Nam b\u1ed9, r\u1ed3i nam v\u00e0 trung Trung b\u1ed9, r\u1ed3i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1edf\u2026 v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1i m\u00e0 ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a l\u1ed1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong chi\u1ebfn tranh.<\/strong> Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c, n\u00ean ban \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9o nhau l\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ai c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t hai n\u0103m. S\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3 \u00edt ng\u00e0y c\u1ea7n g\u00ec. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. L\u00e0m theo \u00fd ch\u00ed h\u01a1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Quan ni\u1ec7m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u01b0a h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c chi\u1ebfn tranh, do d\u00f3, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c d\u1edf dang ch\u1eafp v\u00e1, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i kho\u00e1c cho m\u00ecnh c\u00e1i ch\u1ee9c danh l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong khi \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean th\u00ec, ngay t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1954, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p m\u1edf t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, Hu\u1ebf, v\u00e0 r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n giao, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng phu, \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o s\u01a1 b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>CHU\u1ea8N V\u00c0 PHI CHU\u1ea8N<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e1ng l\u1ebd khi h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i c\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c phi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f4m qua c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua, th\u00ec \u2013 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft thi\u1ec3n c\u1eadn \u2013 n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0103n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t, chi ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a GDMB<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i qu\u00e1 l\u00ean th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, GDMB thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i ti\u00ean thi\u00ean b\u1ea5t t\u00fac, t\u1ee9c sinh ra \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, sinh ra \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n, v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 l\u00e0m \u2013 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00ean l\u00f2ng nhau, s\u1ebd vi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00fd l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p li\u1ebfm v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 ca t\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y theo nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u1ede c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u1edf nh\u1eefng Sorbonne, Oxford ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1\u2026 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 noi theo, nay ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec mai l\u00e0m. GDMN c\u0169ng theo, GDMB th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u00ean danh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc VN c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 hay ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ta phong v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, ch\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u201cm\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u1ed3i r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00ednh phi chu\u1ea9n bao tr\u00f9m trong m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1edf, s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, c\u00e1ch cho \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c thi c\u1eed\u2026, cho t\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sau m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh, c\u00e1i s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m theo \u00fd ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c duy nh\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 chi ph\u1ed1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, khi\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c VN c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ri\u00eang ch\u1eb3ng gi\u1ed1ng ai.<\/strong> C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi l\u1eadp ra ph\u1ea3i theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169, sau gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng (30.4.1975) th\u00ec mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc bu\u1ed9c mi\u1ec1n Nam ph\u1ea3i theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea1m v\u00ed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n: nh\u01b0 trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111i th\u00ec m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i b\u00f2 ph\u1ea3i l\u1ebft, v\u1eady m\u00e0 v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111i, ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>KH\u00c1C BI\u1ec6T TRONG QUAN NI\u1ec6M<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 d\u1ecbp t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1945 v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u2013 h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3, <strong>b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c.<\/strong> N\u00f3 c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ri\u00eang v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Ch\u1ebf Lan Vi\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1ea3i v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t. \u00d4ng Ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o, \u1edf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169, m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean tri huy\u1ec7n tuy v\u1eady v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i n\u1ec3 nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec m\u1ea5y ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a l\u1edbn, hay c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1t cao nay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong v\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f2n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c danh \u0111\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc, gi\u00e1o th\u1ee5, hu\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea1o \u2013 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ec9nh, ph\u1ee7, huy\u1ec7n \u2013 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi do tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1eed, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1eed, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1eed th\u00ec tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i duy\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c GDMN ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. N\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00f2n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb s\u01b0 do \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o ch\u00f9a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ho\u1eb7c sau khi v\u00e0o ch\u00f9a, l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ni\u1ec1m vinh d\u1ef1, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng sai b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n do \u1ee6y ban c\u1eed sang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng v\u1eady, ph\u1ea3i do \u1ee6y ban th\u00f4ng qua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ed9 m\u00e1y t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00e0 ai t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi cho \u0111i ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf. C\u00f2n v\u0103n h\u00f3a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9m th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 k\u00e9m n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/viettudomunich.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/0481.jpg?w=1080&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27608\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Trung H\u1ecdc B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng (tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1975).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea5m \u1edf chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng hay v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi kh\u00f3, ch\u1ee9 vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n m\u1ea5y \u00f4ng th\u1ea7y v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 ranh, ai l\u00e0m ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi\u1ec3u v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n gi\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf th\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a k\u1ec3 v\u1edbi t\u00f4i l\u00e0 B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp 2-1946 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1eb7ng Thai Mai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau, do sinh vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t th\u1eafc m\u1eafc, \u0110\u1eb7ng Thai Mai ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i thay b\u1eb3ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Huy\u00ean c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Sorbonne \u2013 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 1945-46 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i tin ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng th\u1eddi \u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c c\u1eed B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo nhi\u1ec1u chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00e0 u\u00f4m ho\u1eb7c phe c\u00e1nh ch\u1ea1y ch\u1ecdt, nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1ea3 ch\u0103ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang \u00f4ng b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p quan ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n vui vui x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u00f4m nay l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 g\u00ed\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kho\u1ea3ng cu\u1ed1i 2013 cho c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh, khuy\u00ean c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n t\u1ec9nh n\u00ean c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c tin t\u1ee9c ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c thi. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh che gi\u1ea5u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u00ec d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/viettudomunich.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/0482.jpg?w=1080&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27609\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh th\u1eddi x\u01b0a.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m n\u1eefa c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 55 \u2013 58, t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc c\u1ea5p II Chu V\u0103n An. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf ngay c\u1ea1nh Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch ph\u1ee7. H\u1ec5 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb quan kh\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i t\u1edbi th\u0103m, xe \u0111\u01b0a t\u1eeb s\u00e2n bay Gia L\u00e2m v\u1ec1 Ba \u0110\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 b\u1ecdn t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc, ra \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 hoan ngh\u00eanh c\u00e1c v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch qu\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1ede c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng vi\u1ec7c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea7y tr\u00f2 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u00edch, l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1ef1 coi m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ra sao, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ea5y n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a GDMN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng. Nh\u1edd th\u1ebf, b\u1ecdn t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u00eam d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i mang t\u00ean N\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam 1954-75, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c trong ngh\u1ec1 (nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, quan ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n quan ch\u1ee9c mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc), \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Thanh Li\u00eam, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i <strong>nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi l\u00e0 <em>d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, khai ph\u00f3ng<\/em>, nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ghi trong Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p VNCH 1967.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c \u0111i, v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ee9 ba th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m GDMB kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m g\u00ec h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. V\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ta h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o mi\u1ec1n Nam. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tinh th\u1ea7n qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n; gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9 s\u1edf m\u00ecnh, ca ng\u1ee3i tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, tranh \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c; gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3; gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9 s\u1edf, nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c; gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, nh\u1eefng phong t\u1ee5c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia; gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 tin, t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, c\u0169ng n\u00f3i th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n th\u00ec kh\u00e1c. Trong c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, t\u00ednh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c d\u00e2n m\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 l\u1ea5y gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2y d\u01b0a g\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m l\u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u1ed1 \u00fd l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 gi\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o. Th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c trong c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1ed7 y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m v\u1ed1n c\u00f3. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ea5n an, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 r\u1eb1ng trong c\u00e1i v\u1ebb lu\u1ed9m thu\u1ed9m nh\u1ebfch nh\u00e1c, h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 GDMB \u0111ang tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cha ta ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a th\u1eddi trung \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed1t ph\u00e1t huy tinh th\u1ea7n hi\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u201cta v\u1ec1 ta t\u1eafm ao ta\u201d, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn khi, trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta k\u00e9o nhau tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c phong t\u1ee5c c\u1ed5 h\u1ee7 v\u00e0 khu\u1ebfch tr\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ea t\u00edn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba d\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u00ean, t\u00ednh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 GDMN hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. V\u1ec1 t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd gi\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, tuy l\u00e0 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1i n\u00f3i t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 xem \u0111\u1ea5u tranh giai c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; ph\u1ea7n n\u1eefa th\u00ec \u0111ang trong th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn tranh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00f3 x\u00e2m h\u1ea1i \u00fd ch\u00ed chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u0169ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1ch l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 l\u1ed7. L\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t m\u1edbi: \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi \u00e1p b\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong b\u00e0i&nbsp;<em>\u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i tr\u00e1i tim ta<\/em>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ebf Lan Vi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u01a1 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng sao hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed5i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Mi\u1ec1n Nam ta \u01a1i<\/em><br><em>C\u00e1i h\u1ea7m ch\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t<\/em><br><em>Ng\u1ecdn s\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1eddng ta \u01a1i ng\u1ecdn s\u00fang r\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n t\u00ecnh<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y theo s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o mi\u1ec1n Nam ng\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eb3n. Theo t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u, n\u00f3 g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 n\u00e0y \u1edf c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00e3y th\u1eed \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u00e1ch thu\u1ed9c t\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u0169ng t\u00ean l\u00e0 Tr\u1ebb, in ra \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ea5y n\u0103m sau 1970. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd m\u1edbi \u0111i h\u1ecdc Anh M\u1ef9 v\u1ec1, l\u1eadp nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi vi\u1ebft c\u00f3, v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00f2a L\u1ea1c vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecdn ki\u1ebfp nh\u00e2n sinh [\u2026] ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u201ccon ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do, v\u1eeba suy t\u01b0 v\u1eeba h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(L\u00ea Thanh Ho\u00e0ng D\u00e2n \u2013 Tr\u1ea7n H\u1eefu \u0110\u1ee9c\u2026 C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nxb Tr\u1ebb,1970 tr 209)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a GDMB. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 sau khi H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n t\u1eeb tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p (10-1954), kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi chung chung. M\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t giai c\u1ea5p do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n giai c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a GDMN: ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb hay ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c\u2026 V\u1edbi tri\u1ebft l\u00fd nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau, v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n GDMB, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n theo ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c, gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang n\u1eefa th\u00ec ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 d\u00f9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111i n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. M\u00e0 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh chuy\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 gi\u00fap l\u1edbp tr\u1ebb th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 trong h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1i lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u00eau ra trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n mi\u1ec1n Nam: Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng trong th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y; l\u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c, l\u1ea5y cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n; xem con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n hay c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i, hay t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 xa l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ai ngh\u0129 v\u1eady th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi GDMB trong \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c cho cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh. Ch\u1ec9 xin l\u01b0u \u00fd m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o GDMB n\u00f3i chung m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m m\u1eabu nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Nga x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong cu\u1ed1n&nbsp;<em>C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/em>&nbsp;thu\u1ed9c t\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nxb Tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, c\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng l\u1eabn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 do k\u00ea c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Anh M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i. Ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Nga k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">X\u00e9t chung th\u00ec n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf Nga r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, nh\u0103m bi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t [<em>v\u00e0 \u1edf VN l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u2013 VTN<\/em>] t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a. M\u1ed9t khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n th\u00ec m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh. Do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft tuy th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i phi nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh. (S\u0111d tr. 228) C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 GDMB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. V\u1ec1 t\u00ednh khai ph\u00f3ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong m\u1ea5y ch\u1eef g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u GDMN, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ecdn H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, ch\u1eef khai ph\u00f3ng l\u00e0 h\u01a1i l\u1ea1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1edf H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t t\u00e2n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ed1c H\u00f9ng (Khai tr\u00ed S.1975), th\u1ea5y ghi khai ph\u00f3ng t\u1ee9c m\u1edf mang v\u00e0 bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3, \u00fd n\u00f3i l\u00e0m cho t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n; kh\u00f4ng k\u00ecm gi\u1eef, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, mu\u1ed1n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 cho ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, khai ph\u00f3ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, m\u1ea5y ch\u1eef n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng c\u1ea3 trong kinh t\u1ebf l\u1eabn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u1eb7t khai ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1i n\u1ec1n chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a GDMN, t\u00f4i m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u khai ph\u00f3ng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do \u2013 v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e1 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong cu\u1ed1n Ch\u00e2n dung nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, do t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Unesco b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n (b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a nxb Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, H. 2004), ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean B\u1ed3i (1868-1940), c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1eabn l\u1ea1i m\u1ea5y \u00fd c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb Hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u1eafc Kinh c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Trung Hoa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hay b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o giam h\u00e3m t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00fang ta. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng cao c\u1ea3 mang t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e3i, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.(s\u0111 d tr138)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c gi\u00fap cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. B\u1edfi v\u1eady gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb mu\u1ed1n thao t\u00fang x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i theo \u0111u\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch x\u1ea5u xa. Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n t\u00f2an trao cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hay t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o (s\u0111d tr 143).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tinh th\u1ea7n khai ph\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tinh th\u1ea7n khai ph\u00f3ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng chi ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 GDMN hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c \u0111i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, so v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c GDMB ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 GDMN t\u1eebng h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 xu th\u1ebf h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1ch n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Thanh Li\u00eam:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, l\u00e0m cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi v\u0103n minh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 theo tinh th\u1ea7n khai ph\u00f3ng v\u1eeba n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1edbi GDMB, n\u00f3i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i khai ph\u00f3ng. C\u00f2n v\u1edbi GDMN, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n khai ph\u00f3ng th\u00ec m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u00ecn theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o th\u00ec khai ph\u00f3ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i c\u0169ng bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 GDMB kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 GDMB \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>H\u1eb3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xa s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1eafm n\u1ebfu k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn trong khi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 GDMN l\u00e0 khai ph\u00f3ng th\u00ec GDMB l\u00e0 kh\u00e9p k\u00edn<\/strong>. Trong khi GDMB ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft \u2013 m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n thi\u1ec3n c\u1eadn s\u00e1t m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t-, th\u00ec tinh th\u1ea7n khai ph\u00f3ng m\u00e0 GDMN mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong cu\u1ed1n C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, \u1edf tr 204 t\u1eadp I, t\u00f4i c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 d\u1eabn l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u c\u1ee7a Kant: M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n, h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (s\u0111d tr 204).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">GDMN nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 GDMB th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110O\u1ea0N K\u1ebeT<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu GDMN ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i c\u00e1i m\u1ea1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c VN tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1945 th\u00ec GDMB, x\u00e9t theo c\u1ea3 ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i n\u0103m s\u00e1u ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m, trong khi c\u1ed1 t\u00ecm c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u00f3a ra l\u1ea1i ch\u1eb3ng tu\u00e2n theo quy lu\u1eadt n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu GDMN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ec GDMB l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u1ea7n n\u00f3i th\u00eam l\u00e0 trong khi ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00f2 m\u1eabm, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975 \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ta \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd nguy\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e9p k\u00edn. Mu\u1ed1n th\u00ec c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n l\u1eafm, nh\u01b0ng trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda c\u00e1ch ly v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp theo \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ecdn t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y t\u1eebng coi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng suy ngh\u0129, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y trong khi kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi GDMN, th\u00ec GDMB c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ee7 hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao sau khi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, ra ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1nh h\u1ecdc sinh sinh vi\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc b\u1ecdn t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00fa \u1edb, l\u1ea1c l\u00f5ng, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c GDMN \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00ec h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>M\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ch\u00fat \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. C\u1ef1a qu\u1eady m\u1ea5y th\u00ec n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/strong> N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i h\u00f3a. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00ednh chuy\u1ec7n cho con em m\u00ecnh qua nhi\u1ec3u n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 sang M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 lo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00f4i. \u1ede trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u0169 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2n trang l\u1ea1i ch\u00fat \u00edt v\u1eabn ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 trong th\u00e2m t\u00e2m, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e3i l\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ra tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&nbsp;<strong>V\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ed Nh\u00e0n<\/strong><\/em><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>B\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed NGHI\u00caN C\u1ee8U V\u00c0 PH\u00c1T TRI\u1ec2N s\u1ed1 7-8 (114-115).2014, s\u1ed1 chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C MI\u1ec0N NAM VI\u1ec6T NAM (1954- 1975)<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u0103ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ed5 sung \u1ea3nh minh h\u1ecda v\u00e0 ch\u00fa th\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>***<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>B\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>N\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975 (tr\u00edch l\u01b0\u1ee3c)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Nguy\u1ec5n Thanh Li\u00eam<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>GS.TS. Nguy\u1ec5n Thanh Li\u00eam nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng Petrus K\u00fd \u2013 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, Ch\u00e1nh Thanh Tra tr\u01b0\u1edfng ban so\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1 thi c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1965-1967, Th\u1ee9 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 V\u0103n H\u00f3a Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c v\u00e0 Thanh Ni\u00ean, Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1975. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u00edch l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1975.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9, n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Nho gia, g\u1ecdi n\u00f4m na l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Nho\u201d nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i. N\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u0169 n\u00e0y ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa, t\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, l\u1ed1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c thi c\u1eed. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c x\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau trong quy\u1ec3n&nbsp;<em>Vi\u1ec7t Nam V\u0103n H\u00f3a S\u1eed C\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c\u1ede m\u1ed7i huy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 quan Hu\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea1o, m\u1ed7i ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 quan Gi\u00e1o th\u1ee5, d\u1ea1y T\u1ee9 Th\u01b0 Ng\u0169 Kinh cho h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1. \u1ede m\u1ed7i t\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 quan \u0110\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c sinh \u0111\u1ed3 cao \u0111\u1eb3ng. \u1ede Kinh \u0111\u00f4 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eed gi\u00e1m. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb h\u1ecdc quan k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 L\u1ec5 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 H\u1ecdc. Trong d\u00e2n gian th\u00ec x\u01b0a nay vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do. Th\u1ea7y h\u1ecdc th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ea7y kh\u00f3a, th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ed3, th\u1ea7y t\u00fa d\u1ea1y tr\u1ebb con, cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i khoa kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh, hay c\u00e1c quan tr\u00ed s\u0129, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u1ea7y, ho\u1eb7c \u1edf ch\u00f9a hay \u1edf \u0111\u00ecnh, mi\u1ec5u trong l\u00e0ng. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Nho h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qui m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c gia g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ee7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3ng hu\u1ea5n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p (nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc) l\u00ean c\u1ea5p cao (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/viettudomunich.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/0483.jpg?w=1080&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27610\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>C\u1ea3nh th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u01b0a (\u1ea2nh: wiki)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc th\u00ec g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y quy\u1ec3n Tam T\u1ef1 Kinh, S\u01a1 H\u1ecdc V\u1ea5n T\u00e2n, \u1ea4u H\u1ecdc Ng\u0169 Ng\u00f4n Thi, D\u01b0\u01a1ng Ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 Minh T\u00e2m B\u1eedu Gi\u00e1m \u1edf c\u1ea5p v\u1edf l\u00f2ng, xong r\u1ed3i l\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u00ec h\u1ecdc B\u1eafc s\u1eed (t\u1ee9c s\u1eed T\u00e0u) v\u00e0 T\u1ee9 Th\u01b0 Ng\u0169 Kinh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch g\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Nho gia, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft v\u00e0o tri\u1ebft l\u00fd, lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o chen v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh t\u1ea3:&nbsp;<em>\u201cth\u1ea7y th\u00ec c\u1ee9 nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef n\u00e0o ngh\u0129a n\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 s\u1ee3 sai m\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a T\u1ed1ng Nho.\u201d<\/em>&nbsp;Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng thu g\u1ecdn v\u00e0o trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u201cs\u00f4i kinh n\u1ea5u s\u1eed\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1edbi h\u1ecdc lui m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00e0o thu\u1ed9c n\u1eb1m l\u00f2ng T\u1ee9 Th\u01b0 Ng\u0169 Kinh v\u00e0 B\u1eafc s\u1eed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef cho th\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 \u201cph\u1ee5ng m\u00faa r\u1ed3ng bay\u201d, l\u00e0m th\u01a1, l\u00e0m ph\u00fa, kinh ngh\u0129a, v\u0103n s\u00e1ch, ch\u1ebf chi\u1ebfu, bi\u1ec3u, c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i, cho th\u1eadt nhanh, th\u1eadt kh\u00e9o v\u00e0 th\u1eadt ch\u1ec9nh, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00edch c\u00e0ng hay \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eadu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 thi do tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. (C\u00f3 ba k\u1ef3 thi: thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y T\u00fa T\u00e0i; thi H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 thi \u0110\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u00fac \u1edf trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y C\u1eed Nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 thi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 thi tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u00ed sinh l\u00e0 l\u00e0m v\u0103n l\u00e0m th\u01a1 d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u1eadt, kinh ngh\u0129a, v\u0103n s\u00e1ch, v.v.. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ba n\u0103m m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khoa thi, v\u00e0 \u0111i thi l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ecdc cho s\u0129 t\u1eed v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi \u1edf xa, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t thi\u1ebfu k\u00e9m. Thi \u0111\u1eadu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra l\u00e0m quan, kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec lui v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ea7y kh\u00f3a, \u201cti\u1ebfn vi quan, th\u1ed1i vi s\u01b0\u201d v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u2026]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u1edbi s\u0129 phu l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi s\u00e1t c\u1ea1nh nh\u00e0 vua, gi\u00fap vua tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc, thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ed1c gia, l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00f3ng vai d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn d\u00e2n ch\u00fang trong m\u1ecdi sinh ho\u1ea1t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u d\u00e2n m\u1ea1nh hay suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u1edf gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, \u1edf K\u1ebb S\u0129, nh\u00e0 Nho. L\u1edbp tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Nho s\u0129 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Nho gia ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb th\u1eddi L\u00fd Tr\u1ea7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p h\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX trong Nam v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 Mi\u1ec1n Trung. Ri\u00eang trong Nam th\u00ec v\u00ec Nam K\u1ef3 L\u1ee5c T\u1ec9nh ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII cho n\u00ean s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u1ed9i r\u1ec5 \u0103n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 \u1edf ch\u1ed1n ng\u00e0n n\u0103m v\u0103n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Th\u0103ng Long \u2013 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u00ednh ra th\u00ec Nho h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eebng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb \u1edf Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam. <\/strong>M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1826 Mi\u1ec1n Nam m\u1edbi c\u00f3 v\u1ecb Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean theo l\u1ed1i h\u1ecdc x\u01b0a l\u00e0 c\u1ee5 Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Nho gia n\u00e0y \u1edf Mi\u1ec1n Nam ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ch\u1eebng tr\u0103m n\u0103m th\u00ec b\u1ecb s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 h\u1eb3n b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, suy vong c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u00c2u T\u00e2y. Khi n\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp xong th\u00ec c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc nh\u00e0 Nho c\u0169ng b\u1ecb x\u00f3a b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi hay T\u00e2y H\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u2026]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1i h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi n\u00e0y (t\u00e2n h\u1ecdc) di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf Mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX sau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t xong n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. N\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu, d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng do ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e0i th\u1ecd chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u1eb1m hai m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u00fat ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 v\u0103n minh T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c \u1edf ng\u1ea1ch tr\u1eadt th\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, v\u00e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2) m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 bi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 cho h\u1ecd c\u00e1i s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng cao c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111em v\u0103n minh khoa h\u1ecdc \u00c2u T\u00e2y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng v\u0103n minh h\u00f3a (\u201cmission civilisatrice\u201d) t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111i khai h\u00f3a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn, k\u00e9m v\u0103n minh, k\u00e9m m\u1edf mang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u0103n h\u00f3a (cultural assimilation) \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf Mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00e0 Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ed1c Le Myre de Vilers. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed sang l\u00e0m Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ed1c Nam K\u1ef3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1879 \u0111\u1ebfn 1892. C\u00e1c \u00f4ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ean qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u00ean h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng v\u0103n minh h\u00f3a d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9, \u00f4ng cho m\u1edf r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf m\u1ed7i l\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i t\u1ed5ng cho c\u1ea5p s\u01a1 v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee9c cho n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra r\u1ed3i li\u1ec1n sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sang \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u1edf Trung K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 sau m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i theo quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a To\u00e0n Quy\u1ec1n Paul Beau h\u1ed3i 1906-07. Theo quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y th\u00ec m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef, ch\u1eef Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 khoa c\u1eed m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ed3, th\u1ea7y kh\u00f3a \u1edf x\u00e3 th\u00f4n, c\u00e1c quan gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n, \u0111\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc \u1edf ph\u1ee7, huy\u1ec7n, t\u1ec9nh, ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea1y th\u00eam ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef cho h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y ch\u1eef H\u00e1n nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c k\u1ef3 thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng, thi H\u1ed9i, thi \u0110\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u00fat \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi t\u1eeb 1909. B\u00e0i lu\u1eadn ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef v\u00e0 b\u00e0i d\u1ecbch Ph\u00e1p v\u0103n ra Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 thi nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u00f4n ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. Trong k\u1ef3 thi H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 thi \u0110\u00ecnh n\u0103m 1910 c\u00f3 th\u00eam b\u00e0i thi c\u00e1ch tr\u00ed, \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0, s\u1eed Th\u00e1i T\u00e2y, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi s\u1ef1. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u00e0i thi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m theo l\u1ed1i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi thang \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eeb 0 \u0111\u1ebfn 20. Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ef1a tr\u00ean thang \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m 6 h\u1ea1ng tr\u00fang tuy\u1ec3n: Tr\u1ea1ng Nguy\u00ean (20 \u0111i\u1ec3m), B\u1ea3ng Nh\u1ee1n (18-19 \u0111i\u1ec3m), Th\u00e1m Hoa (16-17 \u0111i\u1ec3m), \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb gi\u00e1p Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129 (t\u1eeb 12 \u0111\u1ebfn 15 \u0111i\u1ec3m), \u0110\u1ed3ng Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129 (t\u1eeb 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 12 \u0111i\u1ec3m), v\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 B\u1ea3ng (t\u1eeb 7 \u0111\u1ebfn 9 \u0111i\u1ec3m).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/viettudomunich.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/0484.jpg?w=1080&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27611\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Song song v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, To\u00e0n Quy\u1ec1n Paul Beau c\u0169ng cho m\u1edf m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u1ed3i n\u0103m 1907 \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 thu ph\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m (sau khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh Ngh\u0129a Th\u1ee5c v\u00e0 b\u1eaft giam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng). Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1918, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi To\u00e0n Quy\u1ec1n Albert Sarraut, tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 m\u1edf c\u1eeda. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, n\u0103m 1917, ch\u00e1nh quy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00e3 cho ban h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 qui c\u1ee7, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, qui ch\u1ebf gi\u00e1o ch\u01b0c, v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c thi c\u1eed. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc c\u0169 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n lui v\u00e0o b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/viettudomunich.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/0485.jpg?w=1080&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27612\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u0103n minh h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 Le Myre de Vilers. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng v\u0103n minh h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u00f4ng cho m\u1edf r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p \u1edf l\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc \u1edf qu\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc (coll\u00e8ge) \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc duy nh\u1ea5t cho c\u1ea3 Mi\u1ec1n Nam. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai n\u0103m h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 mang t\u00ean l\u00e0 Coll\u00e8ge de M\u1ef9Tho. Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n H\u1ed3 Bi\u1ec3u Ch\u00e1nh (1885-1958) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y. Sang th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed1n n\u0103m h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean l\u00e0 Coll\u00e8ge Le Myre de Vilers, do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb \u00f4ng Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ed1c d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb c\u00f4ng lao c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3. \u0110\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1950 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb c\u1ea5p. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh Lyc\u00e9e v\u00e0 mang t\u00ean m\u1ed9t danh nh\u00e2n Mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam: c\u1ee5 \u0110\u1ed3 Chi\u1ec3u. Danh x\u01b0ng Lyc\u00e9e Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Chi\u1ec3u r\u1ed3i Trung H\u1ecdc Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Chi\u1ec3u ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u2026]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a (socializing) con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 d\u1ea1y cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, bi\u1ebft n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng cho th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1ch \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, l\u1ec5 ph\u00e9p, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed, c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p sinh s\u1ed1ng, phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n, v.v.. t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c (t\u1eeb gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ngo\u00e0i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i) l\u00e0 t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch nghi v\u00e0o trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean trong ba b\u1eadc h\u1ecdc (ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, trung h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc) \u1edf h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed7i b\u1eadc c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau. \u1ede ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u1eb1m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u1ede b\u1eadc trung h\u1ecdc s\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u00edch nghi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3. Th\u01b0\u1eddng khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta (c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o) mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o trung h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o luy\u1ec7n h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3. \u1ede b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc s\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a b\u1edbt \u0111i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch u\u1ed1n n\u1eafn m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch kh\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 bao nhi\u00eau tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX Nam K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u r\u01b0\u1ee1i d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 5 ng\u00e0n h\u1ecdc sinh<\/strong> cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i h\u1ecdc tuy th\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi s\u0129 s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 sau n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ecb C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a, nh\u01b0ng so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Nho th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn. S\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef thay ch\u1eef N\u00f4m v\u00e0 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft ch\u00fat \u00edt ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c t\u00e2n h\u1ecdc \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf Mi\u1ec1n Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/viettudomunich.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/0486.jpg?w=1080&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27613\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0 <strong>\u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1917 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t cho c\u1ea3 ba mi\u1ec1n Nam, Trung, B\u1eafc.<\/strong> H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u2013 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c \u2013 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ba b\u1eadc: Ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, Trung h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. B\u1eadc Ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m hai c\u1ea5p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) c\u1ea5p S\u01a1 h\u1ecdc g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0110\u1ed3ng \u1ea4u (Cours Enfantin) hay l\u1edbp N\u0103m ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp Ch\u00f3t, l\u1edbp D\u1ef1 B\u1ecb (Cours Preparatoire) hay l\u1edbp T\u01b0, v\u00e0 l\u1edbp S\u01a1 \u0110\u1eb3ng (Cours Elementaire) hay l\u1edbp Ba,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2) c\u1ea5p Ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 l\u1edbp Nh\u00ec M\u1ed9t N\u0103m (Cours Moyen Premi\u00e8re Ann\u00e9e), l\u1edbp Nh\u00ec Hai N\u0103m (Cours Moyen Deusi\u00e8me Ann\u00e9e) v\u00e0 L\u1edbp Nh\u1ea5t (Cours Sup\u00e9rieur).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed7i l\u00e0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p. \u1ede t\u1ed5ng l\u1edbn hay \u1edf qu\u1eadn (\u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc sinh. T\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i t\u1ec9nh l\u1ef5 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn (c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp cho m\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p l\u1edbp), nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Nam Ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 Tho ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5 l\u1edbp Nh\u1ea5t, 1 l\u1edbp Ti\u1ebfp Li\u00ean (Cours des Certifi\u00e9s) h\u1ed3i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1940.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1ecdc xong l\u1edbp Ba, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ebft S\u01a1 c\u1ea5p, h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i thi tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o l\u1edbp Nh\u00ec M\u1ed9t N\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp b\u1eadc Ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 khi xong l\u1edbp Nh\u1ea5t (h\u1ebft b\u1eadc Ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc) h\u1ecdc sinh l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i thi l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng S\u01a1 Ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng CEPCI (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Certificat d\u2019\u00c9tudes Primaire Compl\u00e9mentaire Indochinoise). \u0110\u1eadu xong b\u1eb1ng n\u00e0y h\u1ecdc sinh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 thi tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1eddng Trung h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1eadc Trung h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng chia l\u00e0m hai c\u1ea5p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u1ea5p th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Cao \u0110\u1eb3ng Ti\u1ec3u H\u1ecdc (Enseignement Primaire Superieur, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trung h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea5p sau n\u00e0y) g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n l\u1edbp: N\u0103m Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t (Premi\u00e8re Ann\u00e9e), N\u0103m Th\u1ee9 Nh\u00ec (Deuxi\u00e8me Ann\u00e9e), N\u0103m Th\u1ee9 Ba (Troisi\u00e8me Ann\u00e9e) v\u00e0 N\u0103m Th\u1ee9 T\u01b0 (Quatri\u00e8me Ann\u00e9e). H\u1ecdc xong N\u0103m Th\u1ee9 T\u01b0 h\u1ecdc sinh thi l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng Th\u00e0nh Chung hay DEPSI (Dipl\u00f4me d\u2019\u00c9tudes Primaire Superieur Indochinois). Nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n thi l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi b\u1eb1ng Brevet Premier Cycle hay Brevet Elementaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u1ea5p th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 ban T\u00fa T\u00e0i g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c l\u1edbp Second (nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ec7 Tam hay l\u1edbp 10 sau n\u00e0y), Premi\u00e8re (nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ecb hay l\u1edbp 11) v\u00e0 l\u1edbp Terminale (nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t hay l\u1edbp 12). Xong l\u1edbp Premi\u00e8re (\u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ecb hay l\u1edbp 11) h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i thi T\u00fa T\u00e0i I (Baccalaur\u00e9at Premi\u00e8re Partie), \u0111\u1eadu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00fa T\u00e0i I m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t hay l\u1edbp 12. H\u1ecdc h\u1ebft l\u1edbp 12 h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i thi l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng T\u00fa T\u00e0i II (Baccalaur\u00e9at Deuxi\u00e8me Partie). Khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp Terminale (l\u1edbp 12) h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t trong ba ban ch\u00ednh sau \u0111\u00e2y: (1) ban Tri\u1ebft (Philosophie), (2) ban Khoa H\u1ecdc Th\u1ef1c Nghi\u1ec7m (Sciences Exp\u00e9rimentales), v\u00e0 (3) ban To\u00e1n (Math\u00e9matiques \u00c9l\u00e9mentaires)\u2026 H\u1ecdc h\u1ebft l\u1edbp 12 h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i thi l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng T\u00fa T\u00e0i II (Baccalaur\u00e9at Deuxi\u00e8me Partie) v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c ban n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. B\u1eb1ng T\u00fa T\u00e0i II th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 Bac. Philo. (T\u00fa T\u00e0i II ban Tri\u1ebft), Bac. Math. (T\u00fa T\u00e0i II ban To\u00e1n) v.v..<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Xong T\u00fa T\u00e0i h\u1ecdc sinh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc duy nh\u1ea5t \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i cho to\u00e0n c\u00f5i \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf h\u1ecdc sinh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf Mi\u1ec1n Nam, sau khi xong T\u00fa T\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng qua Ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc thay v\u00ec ra H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ph\u00e1p, d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef. Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t sinh ng\u1eef ph\u1ee5. \u0110\u00fang ra \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ph\u00e1p th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fat s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i Chi\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 Hai tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u00f5i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sau n\u0103m 1945, sau khi Vi\u1ec7t Nam tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh. <\/strong>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u2013 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n H\u00e3n \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em ra \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 Trung Vi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng ri\u00eang \u1edf Mi\u1ec1n Nam th\u00ec v\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p n\u00ean ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ph\u00e1p v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. D\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p. Quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u1eb1m trong tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1950, <strong>d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Vi\u1ec7t m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf trong Nam \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ph\u00e1p.<\/strong> C\u0169ng t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u1eadt l\u1edbn lao \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c gia d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ecb C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u2026]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c VNCH n\u1eb1m trong nh\u1eefng Nguy\u00ean T\u1eafc C\u0103n B\u1ea3n do B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh n\u0103m 1959 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1967.<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/strong>:&nbsp;<strong><em>Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n<\/em>&nbsp;(humanistic education).<\/strong> Nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c tri\u1ebft l\u00fd, thuy\u1ebft nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y. Thuy\u1ebft nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n l\u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c, l\u1ea5y cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn linh h\u1ed3n hay m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cao c\u1ea3 h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 suy t\u01b0, c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a lu\u00f4n t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd. Nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch linh thi\u00eang c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt, \u201cnh\u00e2n linh \u01b0 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt\u201d, v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi t\u00ednh linh thi\u00eang \u0111\u00f3. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n. Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn d\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb hay ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c\u2026 V\u1edbi tri\u1ebft l\u00fd nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 nhau, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/viettudomunich.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/0487.jpg?w=1080&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27614\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Th\u1ee9 hai<\/strong>:&nbsp;<strong><em>Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c<\/em>&nbsp;(nationalistic education).<\/strong> Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong m\u1ecdi sinh ho\u1ea1t li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng tinh anh hay nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y t\u1eeb bao nhi\u00eau ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ri\u00eang, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1eeb bao \u0111\u1eddi. D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tan bi\u1ebfn hay ti\u00eau tr\u1ea7m trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Th\u1ee9 ba<\/strong>:&nbsp;<strong><em>Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khai ph\u00f3ng<\/em>.<\/strong> Tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn c\u1eeda. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a qu\u1ed1c gia x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, l\u00e0m cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi v\u0103n minh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u2026]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/strong>. Trong tinh th\u1ea7n t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc sinh, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n theo b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 theo nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd. Nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c. Cung \u1ee9ng cho h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tin t\u1ee9c, d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, kh\u00f4ng che d\u1ea5u tin t\u1ee9c hay ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng tin t\u1ee9c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc thi\u1ebfu trung th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ed3i s\u1ecd h\u1ecdc sinh theo m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tinh th\u1ea7n qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf m\u1ed7i h\u1ecdc sinh<\/strong>&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch: gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n; gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9 s\u1edf m\u00ecnh, ca ng\u1ee3i tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, tranh \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u0103m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1edf nhau trong t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o; gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3; gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9 s\u1edf, nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c; gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, nh\u1eefng phong t\u1ee5c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia; gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 tin, t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n khoa h\u1ecdc<\/strong>&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch: gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3; gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt; gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00ednh t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n khoa h\u1ecdc; gi\u00fap \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 gi\u00fap m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0 duy, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, sinh s\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00edch cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 cho qu\u1ed1c gia d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t giai c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i h\u1ecdc tuy nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, hay ai c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1c s\u0129, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh cao \u0111\u1eb3ng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c. T\u00f9y theo ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, t\u00f9y theo kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1edf th\u00edch, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft Ti\u1ec3u H\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc h\u1ebft Trung H\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t C\u1ea5p, hay Trung H\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ecb C\u1ea5p, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u00fap t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, d\u00f9 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc h\u1ebft Ti\u1ec3u H\u1ecdc th\u00f4i, th\u00ec gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1eabn c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 v\u1eabn l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o gi\u00fap h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc Ti\u1ec3u H\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Nguy\u1ec5n Thanh Li\u00eam<\/em><\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0110\u0103ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda, b\u1ed5 sung \u1ea3nh minh h\u1ecda v\u00e0 ch\u00fa th\u00edch.<br>Theo&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/hocthenao.vn\/\">Hocthenao.vn<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(H\u1ecdc Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o l\u00e0 trang m\u1ea1ng do GS&nbsp;Ng\u00f4 B\u1ea3o Ch\u00e2u, Nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea1m To\u00e0n, GS V\u0169 H\u00e0 V\u0103n \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngu\u1ed3n: <a href=\"https:\/\/trithucvn.net\/van-hoa\/nen-giao-duc-mien-nam-truoc-1975-trich-luoc.html\">https:\/\/trithucvn.net\/van-hoa\/nen-giao-duc-mien-nam-truoc-1975-trich-luoc.html<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201eNh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i t\u1eeb 1975 v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc qua s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c S\u00e0i G\u00f2n.\u201c V\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ed Nh\u00e0n T\u00f4i v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc.Trong c\u00e1i ngh\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[414,364],"tags":[1757,3312],"class_list":["post-27606","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-giao-duc","category-van-hoa","tag-giao-duc","tag-giao-duc-mien-bac"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - 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