{"id":62811,"date":"2023-11-13T15:55:25","date_gmt":"2023-11-13T14:55:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viettudomunich.org\/?p=62811"},"modified":"2023-11-13T15:17:52","modified_gmt":"2023-11-13T15:17:52","slug":"ba-dau-an-khac-biet-trong-chinh-sach-ton-giao-truoc-nam-1975","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viet-europe.org\/?p=62811","title":{"rendered":"Ba d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1975"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u201eT\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1975 kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn \u201cl\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd\u201d nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 huy ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. N\u00f3 s\u1ea3n sinh ra nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho n\u1ec1n ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec1n Nam s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 .\u201c<\/em><\/h4>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n

THI\u1ec6N TR\u01af\u1edcNG<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ed3 h\u1ecda: Shiv\/ Lu\u1eadt Khoa.<\/em><\/p>\n

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V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1963, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 b\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n t\u1eeb chi\u1ebfc xe Austin A95 Westminster mang bi\u1ec3n s\u1ed1 DBA 599. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u00e3 t\u01b0. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c s\u1edf th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 thi\u00eau do ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00edch Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ee9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh, t\u1ef1 thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

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Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1i Hu\u1ebf, c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda Th\u00edch Tr\u00ed Quang c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed r\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh kh\u1eafp th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea5m treo c\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

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Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh sau n\u0103m 1963.<\/p>\n

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L\u00fac n\u00e0y, bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

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C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

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Sau n\u0103m 1975, nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp do ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh \u0111\u00e8n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

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Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1975 l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn m\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

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T\u1ef1 do th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn ngh\u0129 vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1975, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

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Tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1ed1n b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1 t\u1ef1 do v\u00ec ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n coi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u00f3a trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. [1]<\/p>\n

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\u1ede Nam k\u1ef3 d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba (tr\u1ef1c tr\u1ecb), Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean Nam k\u1ef3 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc h\u1ed9i (1931) v\u00e0 L\u01b0\u1ee1ng Xuy\u00ean Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc h\u1ed9i do H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp. [2]<\/p>\n

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V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 7\/10\/1926, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o Cao \u0110\u00e0i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p g\u1eedi cho th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c Le Fol, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u00f3 danh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1eef k\u00fd c\u1ee7a 28 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng ghi r\u00f5 nhu c\u1ea7u, l\u00fd do, n\u1ed9i dung th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o. [3]<\/p>\n

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Tuy v\u1eady, trong khi ch\u1edd ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o Cao \u0110\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 khai \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 19\/11\/1926 t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y Ninh.<\/p>\n

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Sau s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n coi \u0111\u1ea1o Cao \u0110\u00e0i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. [4]<\/p>\n

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\u0110i xu\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y, t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o (An Giang) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1939, m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u1ed9i sinh \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

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D\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0 H\u1ea3o \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u2013 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u1ecd ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tam kh\u00f4ng: kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t gia, kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng s\u0129 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf qua v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi. [5]<\/p>\n

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V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1941, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u00eam \u0111\u1ea1o Tin L\u00e0nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Nh\u01b0ng do Tin L\u00e0nh l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00f4n gi\u00e1o duy l\u00fd\u201d v\u00e0 du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n n\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. [6]<\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1950, B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u00e0m Qu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh D\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 10, ng\u00e0y 6\/8\/1950 v\u1ec1 quy ch\u1ebf hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i. Theo \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0: ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp (t\u1eeb 21 tu\u1ed5i), t\u00ean g\u1ecdi, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, v.v. (\u0110i\u1ec1u 4). [7]<\/p>\n

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Ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau, 51 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam b\u1ed9, Trung b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 B\u1eafc b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a T\u1eeb \u0110\u00e0m (Hu\u1ebf) v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp T\u1ed5ng h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam. V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng T\u1ed5ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a T\u1eeb \u0110\u00e0m (Hu\u1ebf). [8]<\/p>\n

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Tuy nhi\u00ean, danh x\u01b0ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00fac n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp do Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a D\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 10. Tr\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, Cao \u0110\u00e0i, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

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Sau khi Ph\u00e1p r\u00fat \u0111i, t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam, Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1954 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean l\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a m\u1edbi 15 th\u00e1ng sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

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D\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 10 do B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i ban h\u00e0nh. \u1ea2nh: thuvienhoasen.org<\/em><\/p>\n

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T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nh\u1eb1m tranh th\u1ee7 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. [9] Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1p, c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u01b0u \u00e1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

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Ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0110i\u1ec1u 17 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1956 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a b\u1ecf l\u1eedng n\u1ed9i dung v\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd coi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 1\/11\/1967, khi n\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u 9 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1967 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng: \u201cQu\u1ed1c gia v\u00f4 t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\u201d<\/p>\n

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C\u1ea7n n\u00f3i th\u00eam, sau khi g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i chia r\u1ebd th\u00e0nh hai ph\u00e1i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i \u1ea4n Quang v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

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Do ph\u00e1i \u1ea4n Quang c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e2n c\u1ed9ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1967, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thi\u1ec7u ra s\u1eafc lu\u1eadt 23\/67 ng\u00e0y 18 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1967 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn kh\u1ed1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ef1. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00e1i \u1ea4n Quang c\u00e0ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Mi\u1ec1n Nam h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

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Tuy v\u1eady, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thi\u1ec7u v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf ph\u00e1i \u1ea4n Quang, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 hai ph\u00e1i t\u1ef1 do t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1975.<\/p>\n

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Ngo\u00e0i ra, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u01b0: \u0111\u1ea1o D\u1eeba (1963), T\u1ed5 ti\u00ean Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o (1966), Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1971), H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng Ph\u00fac \u00e2m (1973), v.v. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

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Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tuy\u00ean \u00fay trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean \u00fay, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc ch\u0103m lo \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a binh s\u0129. H\u1ecd g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ra chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c tuy\u00ean \u00fay \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. H\u1ecd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1955, t\u1ee9c h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t ngay khi Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a.<\/p>\n

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Trong su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n t\u00e1m n\u0103m l\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean \u00fay C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o d\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c bi\u00ean ch\u1ebf tuy\u00ean \u00fay t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. [10]<\/p>\n

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C\u0169ng t\u1eeb khi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u00ean \u00fay xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c doanh tr\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ecdc l\u00ean nh\u00e0 th\u1edd C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

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V\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh, Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 \u01b0u \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n c\u01a1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

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Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11\/1963, ng\u00e0nh tuy\u00ean \u00fay Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00edch T\u00e2m Gi\u00e1c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Nha Tuy\u00ean \u00fay Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. [11]<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.6″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.6″ parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_image align=”center” max_width=”80%” src=”https:\/\/viettudomunich.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/0492.jpg” _builder_version=”3.6″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.6″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.6″ parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.6″]<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean s\u00e2n bay T\u00e2n S\u01a1n Nh\u1ea5t do Nha tuy\u00ean \u00fay C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. \u1ea2nh: conggiao.vn<\/em><\/p>\n

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Sau n\u0103m 1964, Nha Tuy\u00ean \u00fay Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, Nha Tuy\u00ean \u00fay C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Nha Tuy\u00ean \u00fay Tin L\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c C\u1ee5c X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i thu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c Chi\u1ebfn tranh Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 30\/4\/1975.<\/p>\n

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Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean \u00fay hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean \u00fay cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u \u1edf t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

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Sau n\u0103m 1975, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ng\u00e0nh tuy\u00ean \u00fay trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u1eaft c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean \u00fay ph\u1ea3i \u0111i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111i t\u00f9 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

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T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tr\u1ea3i qua hai n\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

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Tuy nhi\u00ean, quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 13 c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1967 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cQu\u1ed1c gia t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do th\u1ec9nh nguy\u1ec7n, quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng khai b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p.\u201d (\u0110i\u1ec1u 13.3).<\/p>\n

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M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh v\u1eabn m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp.<\/p>\n

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C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u, s\u1ef1 nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh do c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u1ecd lu\u00f4n g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u1edf t\u1eebng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 phi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

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Trong \u0111\u00f3, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o lu\u00f4n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh r\u1ea7m r\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u0103m 1963, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 6\/5\/1963, khi Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m ra C\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ed1 9195 c\u1ea5m treo c\u1edd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n c\u00f9ng n\u0103m. [12]<\/p>\n

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Ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u1eabn ph\u1edbt l\u1edd v\u00e0 thi h\u00e0nh l\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean t\u1ea1i Hu\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

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Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t \u0111em b\u00e0n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c k\u00e9o t\u1edbi t\u1ec9nh t\u00f2a Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean bu\u1ed9c vi\u00ean t\u1ec9nh tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u1edd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c treo l\u1ea1i trong ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n. [13]<\/p>\n

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T\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y 7\/5\/1963, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp b\u00ed m\u1eadt do gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a T\u1eeb \u0110\u00e0m (Hu\u1ebf) quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

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V\u00e0o 6 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y 8\/5\/1963, cu\u1ed9c r\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb ch\u00f9a Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ch\u00f9a T\u1eeb \u0110\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f2i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n thi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. T\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng c\u00f9ng t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00f4 vang v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00ean c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u ng\u1eef c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

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Cu\u1ed9c r\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb ch\u00f9a Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ch\u00f9a T\u1eeb \u0110\u00e0m n\u0103m 1963.<\/em><\/p>\n

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T\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y, c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh bao v\u00e2y \u0110\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh Hu\u1ebf, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i x\u1ea3 s\u00fang v\u00e0o h\u1ecd. V\u1ee5 x\u1ea3 s\u00fang khi\u1ebfn t\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng. [14]<\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 10\/5\/1963, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda Th\u00edch Tr\u00ed Quang t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c m\u00edt tinh t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a T\u1eeb \u0110\u00e0m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n g\u1ed3m n\u0103m nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban Li\u00ean ph\u00e1i B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

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V\u00e0o h\u00f4m sau, t\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00edch Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 thi\u00eau. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, k\u00e9o theo h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 thi\u00eau li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0: v\u1ee5 nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 Th\u00edch Qu\u1ea3ng H\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 thi\u00eau t\u1ea1i ch\u1ee3 B\u1ebfn Th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 5\/10\/1963 hay \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 27\/10\/1963.<\/p>\n

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Ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n H\u01b0\u01a1ng (1964); c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp mi\u1ec1n Trung (1966), v.v.<\/p>\n

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Sau giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda Th\u00edch Tr\u00ed Quang l\u1ea1i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf S\u1eafc lu\u1eadt 23\/67 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn kh\u1ed1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ef1 do T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thi\u1ec7u k\u00fd.\u00a0<\/p>\n

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Cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh n\u0103m 1967 di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc Dinh \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau \u00f4ng Thi\u1ec7u c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng K\u1ef3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 31\/3\/1975, ngay nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a. Cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh c\u0169ng do Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda Th\u00edch Tr\u00ed Quang ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u0111\u00f2i T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Thi\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

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Ngo\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

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Sau n\u0103m 1963, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p Charles de Gaulle \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng trung l\u1eadp cho ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edbng D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n Minh, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Sinh vi\u00ean C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a trung l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hai cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng trung l\u1eadp n\u00e0y. [15]<\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 2\/1965, \u00f4ng Phan Huy Qu\u00e1t tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 theo ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o cho r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng Qu\u00e1t c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ed1ng C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. [16] H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o c\u1ef1c \u0111oan nh\u01b0 linh m\u1ee5c Ho\u00e0ng Qu\u1ef3nh v\u00e0 H\u1ed3 V\u0103n Vui. [17]<\/p>\n

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C\u0169ng trong n\u0103m 1965, C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng t\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 Lodge v\u00e0 sang \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m sau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh l\u1edbn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd tin l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng [c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7] tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u201d. [18]<\/p>\n

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Ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u00f4ng Thi\u1ec7u \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh l\u1edbn. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c Tr\u1ea7n H\u1eefu Thanh, m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng ch\u1ed1ng \u00f4ng Thi\u1ec7u. [19] Cha Thanh bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i \u00f4ng Thi\u1ec7u \u201cl\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng cho nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 tham nh\u0169ng\u201d. [20]<\/p>\n

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***<\/p>\n

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T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1975 kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn \u201cl\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd\u201d nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 huy ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. N\u00f3 s\u1ea3n sinh ra nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho n\u1ec1n ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec1n Nam s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 .<\/p>\n

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M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bao qu\u00e1t h\u1ebft b\u1ee9c tranh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn so s\u00e1nh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o d\u01b0\u1edbi hai ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o di\u1ec5n ra theo \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

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THI\u1ec6N TR\u01af\u1edcNG<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Ch\u00fa th\u00edch<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Keith, Charles. (2012b).\u00a0\u201cProtestantism and the Politics of Religion in French Colonial Vietnam.<\/em>\u201d French Colonial History 13:141\u201374.Cross Ref Google Scholar<\/li>\n
  2. Y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc trong phong tr\u00e0i ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.\u00a0<\/em>(2022). Ch\u00f9a Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc X\u00e1 l\u1ee3i.\u00a0https:\/\/chuaxaloi.vn\/thong-tin\/yeu-nuoc-trong-phong-trao-chan-hung-phat-giao\/2749.html<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. N.,T.,Thu\u1ef3. (2021).\u00a0T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169 (Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1975)<\/em>. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. (23-28).<\/li>\n
  4. Xem [3]<\/li>\n
  5. Xem [3]<\/li>\n
  6. Xem [3]<\/li>\n
  7. Xem [3]<\/li>\n
  8. Phong tr\u00e0o th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp T\u1ed5ng h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam. (2021, November 12). T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc.\u00a0https:\/\/tapchinghiencuuphathoc.vn\/phong-trao-thanh-lap-tong-hoi-phat-giao-viet-nam.html<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. Phi Van Nguyen. (2018, June 14).\u00a0A Secular State for a Religious Nation: The Republic of Vietnam and Religious Nationalism, 1946\u20131963<\/em>. Cambridge University Press.\u00a0https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-asian-studies\/article\/secular-state-for-a-religious-nation-the-republic-of-vietnam-and-religious-nationalism-19461963\/6686A381A12183648E76430BC646BC85<\/a><\/li>\n
  10. Th\u00edch Tr\u00ed Quang \u201cCu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d, Tu\u1ea7n b\u00e1o H\u1ea3i Tri\u1ec1u \u00c2m, s\u1ed1 12, ng\u00e0y 9-7-1963, tr.2<\/li>\n
  11. Le Kim Anh. (2022). Nha tuy\u00ean u\u00fd qu\u00e2n l\u1ef1c VNCH.\u00a0https:\/\/kimanhl.blogspot.com\/2018\/12\/nha-tuyen-uy-quan-luc-vnch-tuyen-uy.html?m=1<\/a><\/li>\n
  12. Hu\u1ebf – nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y s\u1ee5c s\u00f4i<\/em>. (2017, August 25). TUOI TRE ONLINE.\u00a0https:\/\/tuoitre.vn\/hue—nhung-thang-ngay-suc-soi-472515.htm<\/a><\/li>\n
  13. L., Cung. (1997).\u00a0Phong tr\u00e0o Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 1963<\/em>. Lu\u1eadn \u00e1n ph\u00f3 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129. \u0110H S\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/li>\n
  14. Xem [13]<\/li>\n
  15. Nguyen-Marshall, V. (2009). \u201cTools of Empire? Vietnamese Catholics in South Vietnam<\/em>\u201d, Journal of the Canadian Historical Association, 20 (2), 138\u2013159<\/li>\n
  16. Robert Shaplen,\u00a0The Lost Revolution<\/em>(New York: Harper & Row, 1965), 343\u20135.<\/li>\n
  17. Thanh V. Nguyen, \u201cVietnamese Buddhist Movements for Peace and Social Transformations<\/em>, 1963\u201366,\u201d (Ph.D. diss., Saybrook Graduate School and Research Center, San Francisco, 2006).<\/li>\n
  18. Xem [15]<\/li>\n
  19. Phillip Davidson, Vietnam at War: The History 1946\u20131975 (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988), 751.<\/li>\n
  20. Dennis Duncanson, Government and Revolution in Vietnam (New York and London: Oxford University Press, 1968), 167.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

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    Luatkhoatapchi<\/a> (07.07.2023)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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     <\/p>\n

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