{"id":63977,"date":"2024-01-14T16:53:02","date_gmt":"2024-01-14T15:53:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viettudomunich.org\/?p=63977"},"modified":"2024-01-14T16:53:02","modified_gmt":"2024-01-14T15:53:02","slug":"ham-hoc-hay-ham-danh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viet-europe.org\/?p=63977","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e1m h\u1ecdc hay h\u00e1m danh?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;section&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243;][et_pb_row admin_label=&#8221;row&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.48&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243; parallax=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax_method=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Text&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.6&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4><em>\u201eng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc cho gi\u1ecfi. B\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p cho ra danh x\u01b0ng. Danh x\u01b0ng l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y nay, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00ednh danh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy \u01b0\u1edbc chung,\u2026\u201c<\/em><\/h4>\n<p><strong><em>Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tu\u1ea5n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;3.6&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.6&#8243; parallax=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax_method=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_image align=&#8221;center&#8221; max_width=&#8221;80%&#8221; src=&#8221;https:\/\/viettudomunich.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/0142.jpg&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.6&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;3.6&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.6&#8243; parallax=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax_method=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;3.6&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec n\u1eefa: ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang ta r\u1ea5t xem tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc. \u1ede b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o, d\u00f9 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t v\u1eabn d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch gia \u0111\u00ecnh cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u1edf \u00dac. Khi m\u1edbi t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft vi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 sau v\u00e0i n\u0103m th\u00ec con ch\u00e1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ea1ng gi\u1ecfi, xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 50 n\u0103m ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc sinh n\u00e0o l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2018b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0ng\u2019, nh\u01b0ng khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ecd Nguyen, Tran, Huynh, Pham, Phan, Dinh, Le, v.v. r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i, ch\u00ednh con em ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2018visible\u2019 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ta ham h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u00ec? \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ee9t v\u00e0 \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0ng theo c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, trong th\u00e2m t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 ch\u00e2u ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed (d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang ta), c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 danh x\u01b0ng. \u00dd n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 ch\u00e2u ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eb7ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u00ecm ch\u00e2n l\u00ed, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1i m\u1edbi, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i danh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u1ecdng v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00f3i theo Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 l\u00e0 \u2018ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 danh g\u00ec v\u1edbi n\u00fai s\u00f4ng\u2019 (trong b\u00e0i \u201cT\u1ef1 V\u1ecbnh \u0110i Thi\u201d). D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ai c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i danh x\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ean m\u00ecnh. Danh x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u201cs\u0129\u201d hay \u201cs\u01b0\u201d th\u00ec m\u1edbi oai, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u2018th\u1ea5p\u2019 h\u01a1n m\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 coi nh\u01b0 giai c\u1ea5p \u2018ti\u1ec3u nh\u00e2n\u2019 th\u1eddi xa x\u01b0a th\u00f4i [1]. Th\u00e0nh ra, ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc, ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng sao cho c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i danh.<\/p>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i. Trong s\u00e1ch, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn hai v\u1ecb \u2018ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i\u2019 l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ea1nh T\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ea3o. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ea1nh T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thanh ni\u00ean c\u00f3 2 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t si\u00eau th\u00e0nh t\u00edch. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng ai bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh g\u00ec cho \u0111\u1eddi. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n g\u1eb7p c\u1ee5 T\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng <em>\u201c[\u2026] t\u00f4i th\u00fa th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ea3o l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ngh\u0129 ngay \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea1c s\u0129 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u00f4ng t\u1eebng tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi Jean Paul Sartre, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng ai bi\u1ebft ngo\u00e0i tranh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i g\u00ec cho \u0111\u1eddi. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch t\u1ecf ra kh\u00f4ng \u2018\u1ea5n tu\u1ee3ng\u2019 v\u1edbi c\u1ee5 Th\u1ea3o: <em>\u201c[\u2026] \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn \u2013 \u0111\u00fang ra ph\u1ea3i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i d\u00e0i \u2013 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nhan \u0111\u1ec3 Un itm\u00e9raire (M\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh), trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Th\u00fa th\u1ef1c t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t xo\u00e0ng, ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 xo\u00e0ng.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Wow!<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t can \u0111\u1ea3m, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p. Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang. C\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, chuy\u00ean gia kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eb7ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00f4m n\u1ecd, m\u1ed9t em sinh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m \u0111i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti v\u1ec1 AI, em k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb m\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. Em k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng khi v\u00e0o ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n, h\u1ecd ch\u1eb3ng th\u00e8m \u0111\u1ecdc CV c\u1ee7a em v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh t\u00edch l\u1eebng l\u1eaby trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ra sao, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i b\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u em vi\u1ebft ra vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh lu\u00f4n cho h\u1ecd xem. Em \u1ea5y r\u1edbt ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n. Xin vi\u1ec7c \u1edf ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, h\u1ecd ch\u1eb3ng th\u00e8m xem c\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ee7a em; h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 h\u1eb9n v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y sau tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ra sao. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u1ecb t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kia n\u00f3i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang: b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u th\u00f4i, c\u00f2n th\u1ef1c t\u00e0i v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1i trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u00fang ta, b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 danh x\u01b0ng xem ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u00e0i v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee9ng. Th\u00e0nh ra, b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>Quy lu\u1eadt Goodhart n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng khi m\u1ed9t \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u00ec \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t n\u1eefa (\u201c<em>When a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure\u201d<\/em>). T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, khi b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea1y theo b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi sinh v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc cho gi\u1ecfi. B\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p cho ra danh x\u01b0ng. Danh x\u01b0ng l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y nay, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00ednh danh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy \u01b0\u1edbc chung, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 l\u1ea1c. Ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi MC gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng danh x\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ean c\u00f2n d\u00e0i h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3. C\u00f3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t ch\u1ee9c danh tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<p>Tho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f4i c\u00f2n ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi sao c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u danh x\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u201cPh\u00f3 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0\u201d l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed3i, th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 cho r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0?! \u201cTi\u1ebfn s\u0129\u201d l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed3i, c\u1ea7n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cTi\u1ebfn s\u0129 khoa h\u1ecdc\u201d? C\u00f2n m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 ch\u1edb c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i danh x\u01b0ng danh xi\u1ebfc g\u00ec cho ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p? Ngh\u0129 v\u1eady trong b\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m n\u00f3i ra.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng ho\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 danh x\u01b0ng l\u00e0m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 cho s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 25 ng\u00e0n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 10 ng\u00e0n gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00f3n tay. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00ed ra v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, hay l\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t, hay v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i! Ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Nguy\u1ec5n Tu\u1ea5n<\/em><\/strong><strong>\u00a0 (<\/strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/t.nguyen.2016\/posts\/pfbid0ASsJCX778EDMBi84ebuxMX5A5Z4WxmVGJRHc5xK3i4X1nxqmcvfqfMBTaNhKSFgjl\">Ham h\u1ecdc hay h\u00e1m danh<\/a><\/em>)<\/p>\n<p>____<\/p>\n<p>[1] Th\u1eddi Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed v\u00e0 sau Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i T\u00e0u chia c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh 3 nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn cao d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i: ti\u1ec3u nh\u00e2n, qu\u00e2n t\u1eed, v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>Ti\u1ec3u nh\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ecf m\u1ecdn, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5p nh\u1ee9t trong 3 giai t\u1ea7ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, hay n\u00f3i n\u00f4m na l\u00e0 \u201cqu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u00e2n t\u1eed hay \u201cs\u0129\u201d l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft h\u01a1n ti\u1ec3u nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecdn v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u tin d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<p>V\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n hay qu\u00ed t\u1ed9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng n\u00f4.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111a s\u1ed1 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, c\u00e1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n t\u1eed hay s\u0129. V\u00e0, trong \u0111a s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n m\u1edbi gi\u00fap h\u1ecd v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i \u2018b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c\u2019 c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn s\u0129.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/vietnamthoibao.org\/vntb-ham-hoc-hay-ham-danh\/\">VNTB<\/a> (14.01.2024)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;section&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243;][et_pb_row admin_label=&#8221;row&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.48&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243; parallax=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax_method=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Text&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.6&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221;] \u201eng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc cho gi\u1ecfi. B\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p cho ra danh x\u01b0ng. Danh x\u01b0ng l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd kh\u00e1c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,375,414,364],"tags":[2496,2497,2076],"class_list":["post-63977","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-binh-luan","category-chuyen-ben-le","category-giao-duc","category-van-hoa","tag-ham-danh","tag-ham-hoc","tag-nguyen-van-tuan"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u201eng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc cho gi\u1ecfi. 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S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Le Quang\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/viet-europe.org\/?p=63977\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.4\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"VIET-EUROPE - C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t T\u1ef5 N\u1ea1n Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb - \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"H\u00e1m h\u1ecdc hay h\u00e1m danh? - VIET-EUROPE\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u201eng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc cho gi\u1ecfi. 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