{"id":69649,"date":"2024-10-02T15:31:54","date_gmt":"2024-10-02T13:31:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viettudomunich.org\/?p=69649"},"modified":"2024-10-02T14:34:20","modified_gmt":"2024-10-02T14:34:20","slug":"nen-kinh-te-viet-nam-hien-nay","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viet-europe.org\/?p=69649","title":{"rendered":"N\u1ec0N KINH T\u1ebe VI\u1ec6T NAM HI\u1ec6N NAY"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Th\u00fac \u0110\u1ea9y T\u0103ng Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Kinh T\u1ebf B\u1ec1n V\u1eefng Cho M\u1ecdi Gi\u1edbi, Vi\u1ec7c L\u00e0m \u0110\u1ea7y \u0110\u1ee7,\u00a0 Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3 V\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c Th\u00edch H\u1ee3p Cho M\u1ecdi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong><\/h3>\n

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Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Ch\u1eef, Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129 Kinh T\u1ebf, t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o Cho M\u1ed9t T\u01b0\u01a1ng Lai Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 b\u00ean l\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ec9nh T\u01b0\u01a1ng Lai c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c.<\/strong>\u00a0C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng\u00a0(Sustainable Development Goals \u2013 SDGs)\u00a0l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh Ngh\u1ecb S\u1ef1 2030 v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n B\u1ec1n V\u1eefng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng qua v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015, \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chung cho h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tinh, trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 17 M\u1ee5c Ti\u00eau Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n B\u1ec1n V\u1eefng (SDG), trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 SDG 8, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u00faa GS. Ch\u1eef v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/em><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

SDG 8: N\u1ec0N KINH T\u1ebe VI\u1ec6T NAM HI\u1ec6N NAY<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u00a0Th\u00fac \u0110\u1ea9y T\u0103ng Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Kinh T\u1ebf B\u1ec1n V\u1eefng Cho M\u1ecdi Gi\u1edbi, Vi\u1ec7c L\u00e0m \u0110\u1ea7y \u0110\u1ee7,\u00a0 Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3 V\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c Th\u00edch H\u1ee3p Cho M\u1ecdi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong><\/h3>\n

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Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c (UN) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng; do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 l\u1eafm khi qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi theo \u0111u\u1ed5i. \u201cM\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng s\u1ed1 8 c\u1ee7a UN: Th\u00fac \u0110\u1ea9y T\u0103ng Tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh T\u1ebf B\u1ec1n V\u1eefng Cho M\u1ecdi Gi\u1edbi, Vi\u1ec7c L\u00e0m \u0110\u1ea7y \u0110\u1ee7, Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3 V\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c Th\u00edch H\u1ee3p Cho M\u1ecdi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(UN\u2019s Sustainable Development Goal 8: Promote Sustained, Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Growth, Full and Productive Employment and Decent Work for All)\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a UN\u00a0<\/p>\n

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Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n hay c\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1t\u00a0m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau s\u1ed1 8 c\u1ee7a UN<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 Gill and Kharas (2008) g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ecb s\u1eadp b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(middle-income trap)\u201d; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0t\u00ecnh tra\u0323ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng ma\u0300 ca\u0301c qu\u00f4\u0301c gia na\u0300y tra\u0309i qua trong nhi\u00ea\u0300u th\u00e2\u0323p ni\u00ean tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c bi\u0323 ch\u00e2\u0323m la\u0323i vi\u0300 s\u01b0\u0323 gia t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u00e2\u0301t sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i\/b\u1ecb l\u00f9i l\u1ea1i so v\u1edbi gia t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau s\u1ed1 8 v\u1eeba n\u00eau cho m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, Doner v\u00e0 Schneider (2016) ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTrong s\u1ed1 101 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1960, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 13 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u thu nh\u1eadp cao v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2008. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh ng\u00e0y nay b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ea1t d\u1ebb (a developmental nutcracker): \u2018kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p, l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p trong xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn trong \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng cao\u2019.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Trong khi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0\u201ccho m\u1ecdi gi\u1edbi, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0\u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0v\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau trong m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau s\u1ed1 8 c\u1ee7a UN kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1eabn nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n \u201cm\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho m\u1ecdi gi\u1edbi\u201d th\u01b0\u1eddng trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1eabn nhau. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u\u00a0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau s\u1ed1 8 c\u1ee7a UN c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f2n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

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Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0\u0303ng thay \u0111\u00f4\u0309i nhanh cho\u0301ng trong h\u01a1n ba th\u00e2\u0323p ni\u00ean qua tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, la\u0300m cho vai tro\u0300 va\u0300 tra\u0301ch nhi\u00ea\u0323m cu\u0309a chi\u0301nh ph\u1ee7 khi tri\u00ea\u0309n khai va\u0300 th\u01b0\u0323c thi chi\u0301nh sa\u0301ch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111u\u0301ng \u0111\u1eafn tr\u01a1\u0309 n\u00ean kho\u0301 kh\u0103n va\u0300 nhi\u00ea\u0300u th\u01b0\u0309 tha\u0301ch b\u00f4\u0323i ph\u00e2\u0300n. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 qu\u00f4\u0301c n\u00f4\u0323i kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u\/tho\u00e1t b\u1eaby thu-nh\u1eadp-trung-b\u00ecnh. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 hai th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng<\/strong> m\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp trung-b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t:<\/p>\n

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(i)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/strong> trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng hay giao thoa c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan, v\u00e0<\/p>\n

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(ii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c,<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0 \u2013 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i \u2013 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u00ea\u0300u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c cho c\u00f4ng ta\u0301c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2\u0309y ma\u0323nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi va\u0300 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

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T\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu,\u00a0chi\u0301nh sa\u0301ch pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n kinh t\u00ea\u0301<\/strong> th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng pha\u0309i co\u0301 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i h\u00e2\u0300u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cu\u0303ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3:<\/em><\/p>\n

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(i)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/strong> (productive capacities) trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 t\u0103ng m\u01b0\u0301c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng su\u00e2\u0301t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng) cao h\u01a1n<\/em>;<\/p>\n

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(ii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>ki\u0323p th\u01a1\u0300i \u0111\u00f4\u0301i pho\u0301 hay l\u01a1\u0323i du\u0323ng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong>, vi\u0300 s\u01b0\u0323 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ta\u0301c na\u0300y se\u0303 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u00ea\u0301n nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c cho \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong n\u01b0\u1edbc hay mang \u0111\u00ea\u0301n c\u01a1 h\u00f4\u0323i cho k\u00ea\u0301 hoa\u0323ch gia t\u0103ng m\u01b0\u0301c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng n\u0103ng su\u00e2\u0301t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/em>; v\u00e0<\/p>\n

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(iii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0th\u00e2\u0301u hi\u00ea\u0309u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n<\/strong>, \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng th\u01a1\u0300i t\u00e2\u0323n du\u0323ng s\u01b0\u0323 li\u00ean k\u00ea\u0301t na\u0300y \u0111\u00ea\u0309 t\u00f4\u0301i \u0111a ho\u0301a m\u01b0\u0301c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng cu\u0309a n\u0103ng su\u00e2\u0301t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/em>.<\/p>\n

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H\u01a1n n\u01b0\u0303a,\u00a0chi\u0301nh quy\u00ea\u0300n pha\u0309i s\u1eb5n co\u0301 n\u00ea\u0300n gia\u0301o du\u0323c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, bao g\u00f4\u0300m ca\u0301c nga\u0300nh khoa ho\u0323c (bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i); \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u0169 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u0169 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n nay. \u0110\u00f4\u0300ng th\u01a1\u0300i, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ma\u0323nh me\u0303 t\u01b0\u0300 ca\u0301c c\u01a1 s\u01a1\u0309 kinh doanh l\u1edbn qu\u00f4\u0301c n\u00f4\u0323i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u00e2\u0300u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ky\u0303 n\u0103ng cao v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/strong> Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ec1n\u00a0<\/em>gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i s\u00e1t v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c gia.\u00a0 Cho n\u00ean, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n r\u1ebb, r\u1ea5t si\u00eang n\u0103ng, v\u00e0 hi\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc; nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng do gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng. Ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3ng giao quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kinh t\u1ebf cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m th\u00e2n t\u00edn nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t\u00a0n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u201cd\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/em><\/strong>\u201d.<\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c gia, theo t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 \u201c\u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1eed, d\u00e2n b\u1ea7u\u201d hay \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d, c\u00f2n \u201c\u0111\u1ed1t l\u00f2\u201d do c\u1ed1 T\u1ed5ng B\u00ed Th\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fa Tr\u1ecdng kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u00f3ng h\u01a1n b\u1edfi t\u00e2n T\u1ed5ng B\u00ed th\u01b0 T\u00f4 L\u00e2m v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7.\u00a0 B\u1ed9 m\u00e1y h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i. Lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i, th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. B\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u00f3 hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m: nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng. Nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec k\u00e9m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, k\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng minh b\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

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Tham nh\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, tuy nhi\u00ean tham nh\u0169ng \u201ckh\u1ee7ng\u201d t\u1ea1i VN l\u00e0 do ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3ng t\u1ea1o ra, l\u00e0 DNA c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u00f9ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n. V\u00ec do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3ng t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 dung t\u00fang n\u00ean tham nh\u0169ng \u201ckh\u1ee7ng\u201d hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 b\u00e1m tr\u1ee5 m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 si\u00eau vi khu\u1ea9n (virus) l\u00e2y lan kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed l\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec1u cho l\u00e0 t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u201c\u0111\u1ed1t l\u00f2\u201d \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c tham nh\u0169ng g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 M\u1ef9 kim cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean cao c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3ng b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m, th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed1i tr\u00ed nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng, v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb h\u1ecd, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t t\u1eed h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

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Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay th\u1ebf h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh khen th\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t, kh\u00edch l\u1ec7; do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ebd theo b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ebd tham nh\u0169ng; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng ki\u1ec3u c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1ed1n khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch tham nh\u0169ng v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf th\u00ec h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i: bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u201cb\u00ecnh c\u0169, r\u01b0\u1ee3u m\u1edbi\u201d s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n tham nh\u0169ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 VN.<\/p>\n

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Trong\u00a0l\u0129nh\u00a0v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, Klingler-Vidra va\u0300 Wade (2020) la\u0300 hai ho\u0323c gi\u1ea3 v\u00ea\u0300 pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 th\u00ea\u0301 gi\u01a1\u0301i, \u0111\u00e2\u0300y uy ti\u0301n va\u0300 am t\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng v\u1ec1 VN cho r\u1eb1ng chi\u0301nh sa\u0301ch c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00f3a tuy\u00ean b\u00f4\u0301 va\u0300 s\u01b0\u0323 th\u01b0\u0323c thi ta\u0323i qu\u00f4\u0301c gia na\u0300y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng cho s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng b\u1edfi v\u00ec:\u00a0<\/em>\u201cThay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p VN v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u\u2019. \u00a0C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh\u00a0tranh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

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N\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng quan tr\u1ecdng trong t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a VN, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u1ea1o v\u00e0 thu\u1ef7 s\u1ea3n nu\u00f4i; nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec5m m\u1eb7n, v\u00e0 do kinh \u0111\u00e0o Ph\u00f9 Nam Techo, s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec5m m\u1eb7n s\u1ebd nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, \u0111ang v\u00e0 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh canh t\u00e1c v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a VN.<\/em><\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea1c trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh canh t\u00e1c v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a VN trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/em><\/p>\n

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V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111i\u0323a l\u00fd chi\u00ea\u0301n l\u01b0\u1ee3c, Phi Lu\u1eadt T\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn cho cho ph\u00e9p M\u1ef9 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 9 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 (The Economist, 21 th\u00e1ng 2, 2023) quanh khu v\u1ef1c qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Luzon, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng tranh ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa Phi v\u00e0 TC, Nh\u1eadt gia t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, s\u1ef1 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a AUKUS v\u00e0 the QUAD Alliance, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c \u0111ang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai trong v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a VN trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng minh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

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Trong t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111i\u00ean m\u00e0 Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o, c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn TC g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00ean M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t do c\u1ea7u k\u00e9o v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea9y. Do \u0111\u00f3,<\/p>\n

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Trong ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n,<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0v\u00ec cu\u1ed9c tranh gi\u00e0nh v\u1edbi TC, v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf, M\u1ef9 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng k\u00e9o VN v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda m\u00ecnh hay \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n VN ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi TC. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Stratfor \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n 16 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi kh\u1edfi s\u1eafc, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 VN, v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng r\u1ebb v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a TC trong chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 P-16, (16 qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu TC); tuy nhi\u00ean, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian. Trong s\u1ed1 P-16, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u201cxu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng<\/em><\/strong>\u201d c\u1ee7a VN t\u0103ng nhanh v\u00e0 l\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhu c\u1ea7u nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng sang v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t si\u00eau c\u1ee7a VN v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 gia t\u0103ng l\u0169y ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

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Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n,<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean minh khu v\u1ef1c, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 M\u1ef9 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 9 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00f9ng b\u1eafc Phi Lu\u1eadt T\u00e2n, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tranh gi\u00e0nh M\u1ef9-Trung s\u1ebd r\u00f5 n\u00e9t h\u01a1n, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kinh t\u1ebf n\u00eau tr\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb TC sang P-16 s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n.\u00a0 H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ngo\u1ea1i giao d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 mang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p (second best); tuy nhi\u00ean, Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c duy tr\u00ec n\u1ec1n ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh M\u1ef9, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh t\u1ebf, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1eeb khi M\u1ef9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y, khi l\u1ee3i \u0111i\u1ec3m kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a VN v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m, c\u00e1c vi ph\u1ea1m v\u1eeba tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1edbi ra v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a VN gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

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L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cqu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ebbo-c\u1ee9ng (putty-clay\u00a0process; Singer, 1998)\u201d.\u00a0D\u00f9 \u0111\u00fang hay sai, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf\u00a0 d\u1ebbo-c\u1ee9ng<\/strong><\/em>. Do \u0111\u00f3,\u00a0\u00a0sau g\u1ea7n 40 n\u0103m, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee9ng\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ebbo-c\u1ee9ng), n\u00ean s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

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T\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 tr\u1eeb khi \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n v\u00e0 quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3, vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam theo \u0111u\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng s\u1ed1 8 c\u1ee7a UN kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng h\u00e3y c\u00f2n l\u1eafm xa v\u1eddi m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i l\u00fac m\u1ed9t xa v\u1eddi h\u01a1n.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

GS Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Ch\u1eef<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00e0i<\/em><\/strong> li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Busch, M. The missing middle: A political economy of economic restructuring in Vietnam. Lowy Institue, Victoria State Government (December, 2017). Busch_A political economy of economic restrucuring in Vietnam_WEB (1).pdf<\/em>.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Doner, R. F., and Schneider, B. R. 2016. The Middle-Income Trap: More Politics than Economics.World Politics, Vol. 68(4) (October 2016), pp. 608-644.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

       <\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Gill, I., and Kharas, H. 2008. An East Asia renaissance<\/em>: <\/em>Ideas for economic growth. <\/em>Washington, DC: <\/em>World Bank.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

         <\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Klingler-Vidra, R. and Wade, R. 2020. Science and Technology Policies and the Middle-Income Trap: Lessons from Vietnam. The Journal of Development Studies<\/em>, Vol. 56(4), pp. 717-731, DOI: 10.1080\/00220388.2019.1595598.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Singer, H. W. 1998. Growth, Development and Trade. Edward Elgar Pub lishing Company, UK.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

             <\/p>\n

            \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

            Cho M\u1ed9t T\u01b0\u01a1ng Lai Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 – Kinh T\u1ebf Hi\u1ec7n Nay:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

            <\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

            [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.6″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.6″ parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_video max_width=”70%” src=”https:\/\/youtu.be\/p2M-hkQgDIg” _builder_version=”3.6″][\/et_pb_video][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.6″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.6″ parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.6″]<\/p>\n

            Cho M\u1ed9t T\u01b0\u01a1ng Lai Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 – To\u00e0n B\u1ed9:<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n

            [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.6″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.6″ parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_video max_width=”70%” src=”https:\/\/youtu.be\/VgauA3GHQB8″ _builder_version=”3.6″][\/et_pb_video][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            [et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”section” _builder_version=”3.0.47″][et_pb_row admin_label=”row” _builder_version=”3.0.48″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″ parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text” _builder_version=”3.6″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat”] Th\u00fac \u0110\u1ea9y T\u0103ng Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Kinh T\u1ebf B\u1ec1n V\u1eefng Cho M\u1ecdi Gi\u1edbi, Vi\u1ec7c L\u00e0m \u0110\u1ea7y \u0110\u1ee7,\u00a0 Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3 V\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c Th\u00edch H\u1ee3p Cho M\u1ecdi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.6″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.6″ parallax=”off” parallax_method=”on”][et_pb_image align=”center” max_width=”80%” src=”https:\/\/viettudomunich.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/112.jpg” _builder_version=”3.6″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.6″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":69664,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1195,23],"tags":[4477,4478,314],"class_list":["post-69649","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kinh-te","category-tin-tuc","tag-nen-kinh-te","tag-nguyen-van-chu","tag-viet-nam"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t